stripped Definition

bare, unclothed, empty, minimal, minimum, stripped-down, removed, revoked, ripped, peeled, forfeited, deprived, confiscated, demoted, withdrawn, lost, abolished, dismantled, denuded, eliminated, deleted, plundered, denied, undone, degraded, disassembled, dismissed, loosed, robbed, undressed, decayed, deposed, relieved, dispossessed, skinned, counted, striped, amputated, fallen, closed, abducted, upset, kidnapped, boned, deprecated, private, yanked, usurped, wrested, wiped, shorn, reinstated, relinquished, wrenched, hauled, jettisoned, reclaimed, ditched, trimmed, whittled, ceded, banished, scrapped, snatched, expelled, pared, toned, rescinded, sacked, booted, nullified, trashed, burned, restored, handed, replaced, eviscerated, plucked, abrogated, knocked, banned, pulled, dethroned, shunted, tarnished, leeched, shunned, pried, barred, chucked, omitted, retained, thrown, expunged, lifted, axed, swapped, excluded, flaunted, tore,